Tuesday, May 1, 2012

Amendments to the Constitution, frequency graphs via Google Ngrams

Google Ngram Viewer

One of the things I thought I would get down solid during my cruise was the amendments, but no such luck.
Still, it is interesting to see which have been the most common sources of discussion in literature over time via Google Ngrams (such a nice toy!).  I graphed 1st-10th and 11th-20th, then the latter again without the 14th amendment, as it dominates the results and makes the rest hard to see.  Finally, a link to Wikipedia in case the old memory needs a jog.  :-)

http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=1st+amendment%2C2nd+amendment%2C3rd+amendment%2C4th+amendment%2C5th+amendment%2C6th+amendment%2C7th+amendment%2C8th+amendment%2C9th+amendment%2C10th+amendment&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=0&smoothing=30



http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=11th+amendment%2C12th+amendment%2C13th+amendment%2C14th+amendment%2C15th+amendment%2C16th+amendment%2C17th+amendment%2C18th+amendment%2C19th+amendment%2C20th+amendment%2C&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=0&smoothing=30

http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=11th+amendment%2C12th+amendment%2C13th+amendment%2C15th+amendment%2C16th+amendment%2C17th+amendment%2C18th+amendment%2C19th+amendment%2C20th+amendment&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=0&smoothing=30

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution


Ratified amendments

#AmendmentsProposal dateEnactment dateFull text
1stProtects the freedom of religion, speech, and the press, as well as the right to assemble and petition the governmentSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
2ndProtects an individual's right to bear armsSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
3rdProhibits the forced quartering of soldiers out of war timeSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
4thProhibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based onprobable causeSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
5thSets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardySeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
6thProtects the right to a fair and speedy public trial by jury, including the rights to be notified of theaccusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counselSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
7thProvides for the right to trial by jury in certain civil cases, according to common lawSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
8thProhibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishmentSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
9thProtects rights not enumerated in the constitution.September 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
10thLimits the powers of the federal government to those delegated to it by the ConstitutionSeptember 25, 1789December 15, 1791Full text
11thImmunity of states from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders. Lays the foundation for sovereign immunityMarch 4, 1794February 7, 1795Full text
12thRevises presidential election proceduresDecember 9, 1803June 15, 1804Full text
13thAbolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crimeJanuary 31, 1865December 6, 1865Full text
14thDefines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issuesJune 13, 1866July 9, 1868Full text
15thProhibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitudeFebruary 26, 1869February 3, 1870Full text
16thAllows the federal government to collect income taxJuly 12, 1909February 3, 1913Full text
17thEstablishes the direct election of United States Senators by popular voteMay 13, 1912April 8, 1913Full text
18thEstablishes Prohibition of alcohol (Repealed by Twenty-first Amendment)December 18, 1917January 16, 1919Full text
19thEstablishes women's suffrageJune 4, 1919August 18, 1920Full text
20thFixes the dates of term commencements for Congress (January 3) and the President (January 20); known as the "lame duck amendment"March 2, 1932January 23, 1933Full text
21stRepeals the Eighteenth AmendmentFebruary 20, 1933December 5, 1933Full text
22ndLimits the president to two terms, or a maximum of 10 years (i.e., if a Vice President serves not more than one half of a President's term, he or she can be elected to a further two terms)March 24, 1947February 27, 1951Full text
23rdProvides for representation of Washington, D.C. in the Electoral CollegeJune 16, 1960March 29, 1961Full text
24thProhibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxesSeptember 14, 1962January 23, 1964Full text
25thCodifies the Tyler Precedent; defines the process of presidential successionJuly 6, 1965February 10, 1967Full text
26thEstablishes the official voting age to be 18 years old.March 23, 1971July 1, 1971Full text
27thPrevents laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until the beginning of the next session of CongressSeptember 25, 1789May 5 or 7, 1992[1]Full text
...

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